Composite building unit



April 28, 936." w. E. ss'TRQNG I I C-QMPOSITE BUILDING UNIT Filed May25, 1934 '2 Sheets-Sheet 1 W k m n. .HHT.

O m. E.

TOR S ong RNEYV INVEN ham, Y

" A ruzs, 1936.

] w.'s s. STRONG COMPOSITE BUILDING UNIT Filed May 25/19342-Sheets-Sheef12 Lil Patented Apr. l936 UNITED TIEIS PATENT OFFICEcomosirifiizl gnvom V I I William E. 8. Strong, New York, N. v assignorto John B. Pierce Foundation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New YorkApplication May 25, 1934, Serial No. 727,383 9 Claims. (Cl. 72-35) Myinvention relates to composite buil ing is p d o y i y building elementunits. by corresponding quality of the inner member A feature of myinvention resides in the emcomponent.

ployment of an outer member, such as concrete, molded to suitabledimensions, and an innermember possessing essentially lesserunit weightand low heat conductivity, the-outer and inner the outer member therebypositively insuring 15 member.

Further features and objects of the invention will .be' more fullyunderstood from the following detail description and the accompanying.drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a iront elevation-of a building unit 25embodying my invention, applicable to an outer wall.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional elevation 01' Fig. 1, the outer or"exposed face, incidentally illustrat-- one another.

My invention embodies, interalia, the utilizaagainst crushing, suchconcrete member being ing a clapboard configuration. 30 formed 01'hollow configuration to present a cav- Fig. 3 is a vertical sectionalelevation of a ity for the reception and retention of the innerplurality 01 associated buildingv units, inclusive member. The innermember is preferably of less 01' that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, applicableto outer dense, and may be of porous, physical constitwall and floorassembly, each em n my inuency, and is molded or otherwise shaped tovention..

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional elevation of a plurality of associatedbuilding units applicable to a roof and girder assembly.

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional elevation illustrating a step 01' mymethod oi assembling an inner member and an outer member pursuant to mypartially project within the recess or hollow inprojecting portion ofthe inner member, such clearance being preferably filled with the mediumfunctioning to impart water and moisture proofinvention. ness, andpreferably additively bonding connec- Fig. 6 is the composite buildingunit resulting tion. from the procedure illustrated inFig. 5.

The inner and outer members may be mechan- The particular embodimentsappearing in the icaliy interconnected. as by bolts, tie rods, etc.,desirably of steel, supplemented by the cementing quality afforded bythemedium.-

The resulting unitary building element possesses an average unit weightappreciably less serve primarily as illustrations and not in limi- 2exposed face of the outer wall, in this instance in simulation ofclapboard.

Such outer member having such configuration and contour of its exposedface as may be desired.

lmold; an essential of the structure of the outer member being theprovision of a cavity for the reception therein of the inner member ii,and preferably, also to provide an upper end portion llib, see Figs. 1and 2, a. lower end portion I00, and. the side portions llld and llle.

Such upper and lower end portions lllb, llic, preferably, posed portionsof adjacently associated or similar building units.

The above construction has been described by reference to an outer wall;like parts and like relationship apply to an inner wall, partition andthe like.

My invention is units for floor and ceiling assemblies, girderassemblies, etc.

In the specific building unit illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, lllfindicates the face of the cavity extending substantially parallel to theexposed face of the outer wall unit, which face is herein dellldindicates the duplicate correspondingly applicable to roof and innerfaces lilg are preferably convergently tapered in the as will appearmore fully from the inner member with respect to the outer member.

. projecting is essentially of lesser unit with the material of the Themember ll weight as compared member lli.

As illustrated in Figs.l, 2 and 3, the member ll comprises essentially abody portion having portion lla arranged to be received within thecavity of the member ill. The member ll preferably comprises further theedge portions llb which extend integrally from the body of the member tothe respective side edges of the member. I

It will be understood that the outer contour of the member it) may be ofany desired polygonal or other suitable contour, and further that thecontour of its cavity may be of any polygonal suitable contour, thecontour of the member ll and of itsprojecting portion being incorrespondence therewith.

A porous composite of siliceous and calcareous ingredients servesadmirably as the material of the member H, such material and/or itsporosity functioning to impart heat and sound insulation, additive toits property of lower unit weight as compared with concrete orequivalent material of the member I The edge portions llb aredimensioned with respect to the dimensionsof the faces of its projectingportion lid and with respect to the base face ill! and the inner faceslily of the member ill to provide a predetermined clearance between thestated faces. If desired, such clearance may be substantially uniform.Such clearance functions to receive, as appears more fully hereinafter,a medium I! which serves primarily to bond the member is and the memberII to one another;

Such bonding medium preferably possesses the attributes of forming aliquid and moisture proof seal between the member l0 and the member ll,

cooperate with complementary juxta- "of the member similarly producedmay mental means for additionally to its function of bonding the statedmembers to one another.

As appears from Fig. 3, in of my composite building unit as a part of awall, the exposed face of the member l'l may be coated with paint, wallpaper or other customary decorative finish.

Reference is now had to Figs. 5 and 6, which illustrate a manner ofassembling the member H with the member ill by the instrumentality ofthe bonding medium l2, like parts of the indicated members correspondingto those shown in and 3 being designated by like reference characters.The mass of the bonding medium I! is weighed-out to correspond within anapproximate range to the volume of the predetermined clearance betweenthe faces of the projecting portion lid of the member ii and the hereintermed base face lllj and the side faces log of the cavity of the memberID. Such mass i2 is charged into the cavity of the member ill and themember ii is then approximately located with respect to its projectingportion Ila relative to the stated inner faces of the cavity of themember ID, and pressure applied. The provision of the edge portions llbaffords definite stops or limits of such insertion of the member llwithin the cavity of the member ID, namely, by the faces lllc'of theedge portions llb engaging the edge faces lllh of the member l0,and toinsure proper register.

The product resulting from the procedure im dicated in Fig. 5, is shownin Fig; 6, in which instance the mass of the medium l2 functions, aftersetting if required or maturing, to substantially fully ,occupy theclearance between the stated faces of the projecting portion lid of themember II and the base and side faces of the cavity l0 and tosubstantially firmly bond the member ii to the member ID and vice versa.

A mixture of latex and alumina has been found advantageous as thematerial of the medium l2: however, any other suitable mixture orcomposition or material functioning to impart water and moistureproofness, and such other desired qualities, to the joint between theinner and outer be employed, and thus impart corresponding qualities tothe completed unit lO--l l. If desired, headed or other bolts l4 may beunitarily molded at appropriate locations in the member l0 andregistering countersunk openings ii in the member ll, or vice versa, maybe employed to mechanically lock the elements l0, ll to one another, asby means of nuts, etc.

the instance of use facilitating assembly, registry,

and also if preferred for effecting locking engagement of adjacentlyassembledbuilding units to one another.v Thus, a protuberance l0! may beprovided at the upper edge of the upper end portion Nb of each memberl0, as in Figs. 2 and 3, see also Figs. 5 and 6, and a recess lllkcomplementary in contour to the protuberance I07 providedat the lowerface of the lower end portion llic of the upwardly adjacent member ID,servingas is indicated in Fig. 3 to assemble, register and interlock therespective superposed building units to one another. Projections orequivalent and recesses or equivalent may be similarly provided at theside and/ or other faces of each or any member ID applicable for therespective types of building unit assemblies, for like interlockingrelation with adjacent assembled buildint units.

is illustrated eneously bonded to the material ll.

.In the application of'my building uni-t to a floor and wall assembly,the mode of interlocking tions of the respective assemblies of mybuilding unit. I

, A bonding medium may be employed, at the re-.

ective Joints between juxtaposed building units.

lop received within, and bonded if desired, to recesses lllq of thelowermost line of roof elements units or unitarily upon the roofunitsflafter in stallation.

- Fig. 4 alsoshows a set of complementary hip or equivalent supportingelements 18, ll,' suitequivalent supporting and interlocking membersbeing indicated in Fig. 4 and correspondingly designed for anyparticular type of roof desired.

From the above, it will be observed thatmy invention provides for abuilding unit formed of a memberof material of the character ofcona,ose,ee7 i 3 mu'lti-component. building unit comprising ahoilowformed member serving'as the strength-1m tary composite buildingelement,

invention by reference to specific forms thereof, it will be un- 1 Iclaim. l 1. A composite building element comprising a member of materialof the character of concrete;

insulation to'one' another; 1

2- A'composite building element comprising a member of material of thecharacter of concrete,

said. member having a recess. and a member of material of lesser unitweight and possessing the quality of heat insulation extending withinsaid recess, said members being bonded to other by a water and moistureproof medium.

A composite building element comprising a Q at the eifective faces ofsaid rece said members being bonded to one another and a mediumpossessing the quality of water and moisture proofness substantiallyfilling said clearance.

4. A composite building element comprising a member of material of thecharacter of concrete, said member having a recess, a member of materialof. lesser unit weight and possessing the quality of heat insulationextending within dimensioned to provide aclearance at the eflectivefaces of said recess, said members being bonded to one another and amedium possessing the quality of water and moisture proofnesssubstahtialiy filling said clearance, said medium serving to bond saidmembers to one another.

5. A composite building element comprising a member of material of thecharacter of concrete, said member having a recess, a member of materialof lesser unit weigh and possessing the quality of heat insulationextending within said recess, said members being bonded to one anotherby a water and moisture proof medium and means for mechanicallyunitarily connecting said members to one another.

6. A composite building unit 'member of material of the character ofconcrete, said member having a recess, a member of material of lesserunit weight and possessing the quality of heat insulation protrudingwithin said recess, said member of material of lesser unit weight havinga face arranged to be exposed to the inner atmosphere of a building, tohave its face coated with a decorative finish, and means for positivelylimiting the extent of protrusion of said second-named member within therecess of said first-named member.

'7. A composite building unit comprising a member of material of thecharacter of concrete, said member having a recess, a member ofmatepositively comprising a be exposed ness bonding said members toWILLIAM rial of lesser unit weight and possessing the quality of heatinsulation protruding within said recess, said member of material oflesser unit weight having a face arranged to be exposed to the inneratmosphere of a building, and adapted to have its face coated witha-decorative finish, means for limiting the extent of protrusion of saidsecond-named member within the recess of said first-named member and amedium possessing the quality of water and moisture prooiness bondingthe juxtaposed effective faces of said members to one another.

8. A composite building unit comprising a hoiof concrete and of lessunit weight and possessof high heat insulation as comsaid secondaportion projecting with filling the stated hollow interior of saidfirst-named member, said secend-named member having a face arranged toto the inner atmosphere of a building, and adapted to have its facecoated. with a decorative finish.

9. A composite low member of building unit comprising a holthe characterof concrete and possessing the quality of mechanical strength, a memberof less unit weight and possessing the high heat insulation as comparedthe like, id second-named member having a portion projecting within andsubstantially stated hollow interior of said first-named member and amedium imarting the quality of water and moisture proofone another. E.S. STRONG.

